How much does it cost to live in Guayaquil as a digital nomad?

A single person typically spends about $1,350 per month in Guayaquil (a country-level estimate for Ecuador). That is a 60/100 cost score, where 100 is the cheapest city in the dataset.

Is Guayaquil safe for digital nomads?

Guayaquil scores 23/100 on safety. Ecuador records 38.94 homicides per 100,000 people per year (WHO, 2024) and a political-stability score of 54.4/100 (World Bank WGI). Both figures are national, so neighbourhood-level risk can differ.

Does Ecuador have a digital nomad visa?

Yes. Ecuador offers the Digital nomad temporary residence visa (rentista for remote work) with a minimum income of about $1,446 per month, and it can lead to permanent residence. Verify current rules with the issuing authority before applying. Full guide: https://nostos.navoy.io/visas/ecuador

How fast is the internet in Guayaquil?

Measured median download speed in Guayaquil was 28.9 Mbps (upload 23.4 Mbps) across 32,743 M-Lab tests in 2024. Measured speeds run below advertised plan speeds everywhere, so compare cities rather than reading the number as a plan.

Is Starlink available in Guayaquil?

Yes. Starlink's availability map lists residential service as available in Ecuador (checked 2026-10), so a dish can serve as a backup line in Guayaquil. Check the exact address on starlink.com before ordering, since capacity varies by area.

Which airports serve Guayaquil and how many nonstop flights are there?

Guayaquil is served by José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport (GYE) with 18 nonstop destinations, of which 14 are international. 3 US airports have a nonstop link. Source: Wikipedia, 2026-10.

When is the best time of year to be in Guayaquil?

The most comfortable months are Jan, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec. Mean temperatures range from 80°F (27°C) in Mar to 82°F (28°C) in Dec (NASA POWER 2001–2020 climatology).

Guayaquil or Campo Grande: which is better for digital nomads?

Campo Grande is the city with the closest factor profile to Guayaquil in this dataset. Which one wins depends on your weights; the comparison page puts every factor side by side with the numbers behind them.

Photo: Paulakindsvater · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Guayaquil

Ecuador · Latin America · 2,650,288 people · America/Guayaquil · USD

Guayaquil scores 57.3/100 for digital nomads under balanced weights, ranking 950 of 1501 cities. Expect about $1,350 per month (country-level estimate), a nomad visa (Digital nomad temporary residence visa (rentista for remote work)), and a measured median download speed of 28.9 Mbps.

Guayaquil is Ecuador's largest city and port, with a renovated riverfront and the main flights to the Galápagos. It is hot and humid, uses the US dollar and has had serious security problems in recent years.

Malecón 2000
Galápagos flights
Uses the US dollar
Security concerns

Balanced score

out of 100

Vibe check

Cost6.6
Safety2.5
Health8.7
Internet7.5
Visa8.6
Mobility2.0
Climate9.3
Air6.1
QoL6.1

Rank 950 of 1,501 · its cost is a national estimate, so Top 10 lists rank it after cities with a local price

Rank with your own weights →Plan a trip to Guayaquil →

Monthly cost$1,350country estimate
Nomad visaYesmin $1,446/mo
Internet28.9 Mbpsmeasured median
Comfortable months10 of 1259–82°F (15–28 °C), dry, not humid

For US nomads

US passport entry
90 days visa-free
no visa needed for a visit
Time vs New York
same time as New York
9h of a 9–6 day overlap with Eastern time
Time vs Los Angeles
3 hours ahead of Los Angeles
6h of a 9–6 day overlap with Pacific time
Non-stop from the US
3 US airports
Wikipedia, 2026-10

Prices are in US dollars. US citizens are taxed on worldwide income; the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion and state residency rules are worth a look before a long stay.

Eating out

OpenStreetMap, 2026-11¹⁶

328restaurants within 3 km

Mapped around the centre of Guayaquil: plenty of choice within walking distance. A count of what is on the map, not a rating, and it does not affect the score.

How Guayaquil scores, factor by factor

Superscripts link to the source list at the bottom. Country-level figures apply to all of Ecuador.

Cost of living

Monthly cost for one person (log-scaled, cheaper is better).

Monthly cost, one person: $1,350² · country-level, 2026-09
Central one-bedroom rent: no data³ · city-level, 2026-09 — no city-level rent row in the WhereToEmigrate dataset

Safety

Homicide rate and political stability (country-level).

Homicide rate: 38.94 per 100k⁴ · country-level, 2024
Political stability: 54.4/100⁵ · country-level, 2025

Healthcare

WHO universal-health-coverage index and life expectancy (country-level).

UHC service coverage: 78/100⁶ · country-level, 2023
Life expectancy: 77.6 years⁷ · country-level, 2023

Internet

Median measured download and upload speed (M-Lab, city-level; the province or country aggregate where the city has too few tests).

Median download: 28.9 Mbps⁸ · city-level, 2024
Median upload: 23.4 Mbps⁸ · city-level, 2024
Tests measured: 32,743⁸ · city-level, 2024
Starlink: Available⁹ · country-level, 2026-10, not scored

Visa ease

How easily your passport gets in and stays: visa-free days, eTA, visa on arrival, e-visa or consular visa, plus a nomad visa and how affordable its income threshold is. Averages US, EU and UK passports until you pick yours.

Nomad visa: Digital nomad temporary residence visa (rentista for remote work)¹⁰ · min income $1,446/mo
Entry, US passport: 90 days¹¹ · country-level, 2026-02
Entry, EU passport: 90 days¹¹ · country-level, 2026-02
Entry, UK passport: 90 days¹¹ · country-level, 2026-02

Getting there & around

Non-stop airport destinations (hub size) plus editorial walkability and transit ratings.

Non-stop destinations from GYE: 18¹² · city-level, 2026-10
Walkability: 2/5¹³ · editorial, 2026-09
Public transit: 3/5¹³ · editorial, 2026-09

Climate

Share of months that are comfortable: 59–82°F (15–28 °C) mean, at most 5.9 in (150 mm) rain, at most 85% humidity.

Comfortable months: 10 of 12¹⁴ · city-level, 2001–2020 normals

Air quality

Annual mean PM2.5 on a fixed scale: 5 µg/m³ (WHO guideline) scores 100, 50 µg/m³ or worse scores 0.

Annual mean PM2.5: 25.3 µg/m³¹⁵ · city-level, 2023

Quality of life

Human Development Index and English proficiency (country-level).

Human Development Index: 0.777¹⁷ · country-level, 2023
English proficiency: low¹⁸ · country-level, 2024

What does Guayaquil cost per month?

Total, one person	$1,350	country estimate
One-bedroom rent, centre	no data	city-level rent unavailable
Country cost index (US = 100)	37	country

Can you stay legally?

Digital nomad visa · Ecuador

Digital nomad temporary residence visa (rentista for remote work)

Not yet reviewedSubmit a review →

Income: $1,446/month
Initial stay: 2 years, renewable up to 4 years
Apply: Online

Read the Ecuador digital nomad visa guide →

Nomad visa	Digital nomad temporary residence visa (rentista for remote work)
Minimum income	$1,446/month
US passport	90 days
EU passport	90 days
UK passport	90 days

Visa rules change often. Verify with the issuing government before you book.

Do you pay tax here on income from abroad?

Tax status · Ecuador

Residents pay 0%–37% on worldwide income, with a credit for foreign tax; a 5-year foreign-income regime exists

Worldwide income

From 183 days in a year, Ecuador taxes your worldwide income on one progressive scale: nothing up to US$12,208 in 2026, then 5% rising to 37% above US$109,956. Salary, freelance fees, foreign dividends, interest, gains and pensions all go on the same scale, with a credit for tax paid abroad. Sending money out of Ecuador costs 5% currency outflow tax (ISD) above small allowances. There is no wealth tax, but inheritances and gifts are taxed.

Remote work income
Salary from a foreign employer or fees from foreign clients
Taxed
0%–37% progressive (2026)
Investments and pensions
Dividends, interest, gains, rent and pensions from abroad
Taxed
0%–37% progressive (2026), the same scale as earned income
Wealth
Net wealth and inheritance
No wealth tax
Inheritance tax applies

Tax resident after: 183 days a year
Top income tax rate: 37%

On the nomad visa

The Visa Nómada (temporary residence 'rentista' for remote work) has no tax regime of its own. Holders become tax resident under the ordinary 183-day or economic-interest tests and are then taxed on worldwide income at 0%–37%. The visa asks for foreign-source income of at least three basic salaries a month, and a holder who earns at least US$2,500 a month may be able to opt into the temporary tax residence regime within 120 days of entering Ecuador. However, that regime only shields income that is not Ecuadorian-source, and pay for remote work performed in Ecuador appears to be Ecuadorian-source under Article 8.1. Holders who stay under 183 days and keep their economic interests abroad remain non-resident.

Salary from a foreign employer or fees from foreign clients

Taxed0%–37% progressive (2026)

Once resident, salary from a foreign employer and fees from foreign clients go on the 2026 scale: 0% up to US$12,208, 5% from US$12,208, then 10%, 12%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% and 35%, and 37% above US$109,956. A rebate of 18% of documented personal spending in Ecuador (capped at 7 basic family baskets without dependants) reduces the tax. Work you physically do in Ecuador is Ecuadorian-source income whoever pays it (LRTI, Article 8.1). The only exception is for non-residents: occasional services in Ecuador (under six months in a calendar year) paid from abroad by a foreign company and not charged to an Ecuadorian business are not Ecuadorian-source. Otherwise a non-resident's pay for work in Ecuador bears the 25% corporate rate on the gross amount. Freelancers register for a RUC tax number. The simplified RIMPE regime excludes professional services and employment, so most remote professionals use the general scale. Social security (IESS) is voluntary for the self-employed and foreigners need an Ecuadorian cédula: 17.6% of declared income, with one basic salary as the minimum base. A catch for freelancers: a resident who exports services and keeps the proceeds abroad is presumed to owe 5% ISD on them six months after the service starts. Foreign tax on the same income is credited up to the Ecuadorian tax on it (Article 49).

On the nomad visa

Ley de Régimen Tributario Interno (consolidated, last reform 24 October 2025) · Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) · read 2026-10-27
Art 2 (worldwide income of domiciled individuals); Art 4.1 (183-day, 12-month, economic-interest and family-tie residence tests); unnumbered article after 4.1 (temporary tax residence, added by RO Suplemento 461 of 20 December 2023); Art 8 (Ecuadorian-source rules, work performed in Ecuador, occasional services of non-residents); Art 9(6)-(7) (exempt savings interest and IESS/state pensions); personal-expenses rebate of 18%; Art 36 (rate table, 25% for non-residents' occasional services, inheritance and gift tax, halving for first-degree heirs, credit for foreign tax); Art 37 (25% corporate rate); Art 49 (foreign tax credit, as replaced in November 2021); Arts 97.3-97.4 (RIMPE and its exclusion of professional services and employment)
Reglamento para la Aplicación de la Ley de Régimen Tributario Interno (consolidated, last reform 18 November 2025) · Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) · read 2026-10-27
Art 7 (day counting, absences of up to 8 days, assets test, closest family ties); temporary tax residence articles added by Decreto Ejecutivo 157 (RO Suplemento 496, 9 February 2024): one-time notification to the SRI, 5 years, 183 days each year, 120-day deadline, income neither Ecuadorian-source nor from a tax haven, IESS affiliation; Art 8 (occasional services paid from abroad are not Ecuadorian-source)
Tablas de cálculo de Impuesto a la Renta (personas naturales y sucesiones indivisas) · Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) · read 2026-10-27
2026 table under Resolution NAC-DGERCGC25-00000043 (Registro Oficial Segundo Suplemento 194, 30 December 2025): 0% up to US$12,208, 5% to 35% in eight steps, 37% above US$109,956
Tablas de cálculo de Impuesto a la Renta: herencias, legados y donaciones · Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) · read 2026-10-27
Inheritance and gift table: 0% up to US$78,527 and 35% above US$942,353 in the newest column. The PDF's text layer carries no year labels; the column was read as 2026 because the one beside it matches the 2025 table in the LRTI (US$77,708)
Impuesto a la Salida de Divisas (ISD) · Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) · read 2026-10-27
5% general rate in 2026 with reduced rates only for listed imports (Decreto Ejecutivo 272 of 30 December 2025); exemptions of three basic salaries (US$1,446 in 2026) for cash carried out and per half-month for transfers, and US$5,188.26 a year for card spending abroad (2025-2027); rate history (4% in 2022, 3.75% then 3.5% in 2023, back to 5% from 1 April 2024)
Ley Reformatoria para la Equidad Tributaria en el Ecuador (consolidated, last reform RO Suplemento 525, 25 March 2024) · Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI), text compiled by Ediciones Legales · read 2026-10-27
Art 156 (ISD on transfers abroad; presumption on payments made from abroad by residents and on export proceeds kept abroad); Art 159(1)-(2) (cash, transfer and card exemptions); Art 162 (5% rate, as replaced by RO Suplemento 516 of 12 March 2024)
Reglamento para la Aplicación del Impuesto a la Salida de Divisas (consolidated, last reform RO Segundo Suplemento 529, 1 April 2024) · Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI), text compiled by Ediciones Legales · read 2026-10-27
Rules for the presumptions: no ISD on payments from abroad made with money that already paid ISD; ISD on service-export proceeds kept abroad falls due six months after the service starts; definition of service exports (resident provider, foreign client, use abroad)
Concesión de visa de residencia temporal rentista para trabajo remoto (Visa Nómada) · Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Movilidad Humana, gob.ec · read 2026-10-27
Visa for remote work for employers or clients abroad, foreign-source income of three basic salaries a month; the page says nothing about tax
Afiliación voluntaria: ecuatorianos y extranjeros dentro del Ecuador · Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) · read 2026-10-27
Voluntary affiliation for self-employed people domiciled in Ecuador; foreigners need an Ecuadorian cédula
Proceso de afiliación voluntaria · Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social (IESS) · read 2026-10-27
17.6% contribution rate on a base of at least one basic salary (the page's worked example is from 2018)
Código Orgánico de Organización Territorial, Autonomía y Descentralización (COOTAD), original 2010 text · Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas del Ecuador · read 2026-10-27
Art 504 (urban property tax of 0.25 to 5 per mil set by each municipality) and Art 535 (1% alcabala). This is the 2010 text; later reforms to these articles were not checked

Not yet reviewed by a person · compiled from official pages read on 2026-10-27

General information, not tax advice. Tax treaties, your citizenship and your home country's exit rules can change the answer. US citizens are taxed by the US wherever they live.

Airports and nonstop flights

Guayaquil is served by one airport.

Airport	Nonstop destinations	International	From US airports
GYEJosé Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport	18	14	3

Wikipedia airport pages as of 2026-10: seasonal routes included, charters and announced-but-not-started routes excluded.

What is the weather like through the year?

Comfortable months by our rule: Apr–Jan. Rank cities for Jun–Aug →

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Mean °F	82	80	80	80	81	81	82	82	82	81	81	82
Rain in	4.8	8.5	8.3	5	1.5	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.9
Humidity %	68	78	80	77	71	64	59	57	57	59	59	60

Green temperatures mark months that meet the comfort rule (59–82°F, ≤5.9 in rain, ≤85% humidity). NASA POWER 2001–2020 climatology at the city coordinates.

Where can you stay in Guayaquil?

Three ways to live here, and what each does to the monthly budget. Rents are the one-bedroom figures from the cost table; hotels and short lets are priced per night and cost more, most of all in high season.

Option	Rent per month	Monthly total	Notes
One-bedroom outside the centre	—	—	No city-level cost here; the total is a national estimate.
One-bedroom in the centre	—	—	No city-level rent figure for this city.
Hotel or short let	—	—	For the first weeks or a stay under a month. Compare hotels on Navoy →

Monthly rents assume an unfurnished lease of six months or more; furnished monthly lets usually cost 20 to 50 percent more.

Cities with a similar profile

Campo Grande Brazil · 59.2
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Natal Brazil · 58.8
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Quito Ecuador · 58.2
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João Pessoa Brazil · 58.2
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Joinville Brazil · 60.5
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Also in Latin America: Acapulco, Aguascalientes, Americana, Antigua Guatemala, Antofagasta, Arequipa

Ready to see Guayaquil for yourself?

Nostos tells you where. Navoy, the AI travel planner behind it, builds the trip: itineraries, places to stay and what to book before you land.

Plan a trip to Guayaquil →

Opens on navoy.io.

The vibe

What people post about living in Guayaquil, read for its mood. It is a reading of opinions, not a fact, and it is not part of the score.

Mixed · 52Thin, mostly promotional content on Guayaquil; a few commenters find it clean, safe and beautiful at parks, but no one reports living there long-term, so this is genuinely mixed and low-confidence.

People praise

parks and wildlife
clean streets
historic Malecon 1900
feels safe

People warn about

limited long-term perspective
tourist-focused content
safety caveats

Parque Historico is a highlight for visitors
Some viewers find the city clean and safe
A commenter warns to stay alert while there
Content is sparse and mostly from short visits
Commenters compare it unfavorably to Medellin's hype

Read from 3 videos, 9 comments and 0 posts on 2026-11-07; the summary is written by a language model and can misread sarcasm.

Watch what people say

Frequently asked

How much does it cost to live in Guayaquil as a digital nomad?: A single person typically spends about $1,350 per month in Guayaquil (a country-level estimate for Ecuador). That is a 60/100 cost score, where 100 is the cheapest city in the dataset.
Is Guayaquil safe for digital nomads?: Guayaquil scores 23/100 on safety. Ecuador records 38.94 homicides per 100,000 people per year (WHO, 2024) and a political-stability score of 54.4/100 (World Bank WGI). Both figures are national, so neighbourhood-level risk can differ.
Does Ecuador have a digital nomad visa?: Yes. Ecuador offers the Digital nomad temporary residence visa (rentista for remote work) with a minimum income of about $1,446 per month, and it can lead to permanent residence. Verify current rules with the issuing authority before applying. Full guide: https://nostos.navoy.io/visas/ecuador
How fast is the internet in Guayaquil?: Measured median download speed in Guayaquil was 28.9 Mbps (upload 23.4 Mbps) across 32,743 M-Lab tests in 2024. Measured speeds run below advertised plan speeds everywhere, so compare cities rather than reading the number as a plan.
Is Starlink available in Guayaquil?: Yes. Starlink's availability map lists residential service as available in Ecuador (checked 2026-10), so a dish can serve as a backup line in Guayaquil. Check the exact address on starlink.com before ordering, since capacity varies by area.
Which airports serve Guayaquil and how many nonstop flights are there?: Guayaquil is served by José Joaquín de Olmedo International Airport (GYE) with 18 nonstop destinations, of which 14 are international. 3 US airports have a nonstop link. Source: Wikipedia, 2026-10.
When is the best time of year to be in Guayaquil?: The most comfortable months are Jan, Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec. Mean temperatures range from 80°F (27°C) in Mar to 82°F (28°C) in Dec (NASA POWER 2001–2020 climatology).
Guayaquil or Campo Grande: which is better for digital nomads?: Campo Grande is the city with the closest factor profile to Guayaquil in this dataset. Which one wins depends on your weights; the comparison page puts every factor side by side with the numbers behind them.

Sources

Dataset 2026.11.3, published 2026-11-10. Download the full dataset or read the methodology.

1.City population (latest census or official estimate), Wikipedia (citing national statistics offices). CC BY-SA 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. City-proper figures; the per-city source URL is stored with the seed row.
2.2026 Cost of Living Index (country level), WhereNext. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Country-level monthly estimate used only where no city-level figure exists; cost_index kept for every city.
3.Cost of Living Global 2026 (city rows), WhereToEmigrate. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. monthly_cost_single_eur and rent_1br_center_eur, converted to USD at the ECB reference rate on the retrieval date (see ecb-frankfurter).
4.Victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population (national data, latest year), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, dataUNODC. UNODC data, free to reuse with attribution. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Police- or statistics-office-recorded rates reported to UNODC's crime-trends survey, latest year per country (2024 for most), both sexes, all ages; the United Kingdom uses England and Wales. Replaces the WHO modelled estimate wherever UNODC has a figure from 2018 or later; WHO's 2021 estimates ran several times above recorded figures for El Salvador and Honduras. Workbook data_cts_intentional_homicide.xlsx (July 2026) reduced by scripts/build-dataset/inputs/convert-unodc-homicide.py.
5.Worldwide Governance Indicators — Political Stability and Absence of Violence (score 0–100), World Bank. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22.
6.UHC service coverage index, World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (WHO data policy). Retrieved 2026-09-22.
7.Life expectancy at birth (years), both sexes, World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (WHO data policy). Retrieved 2026-09-22.
8.M-Lab NDT statistics (city aggregates, 2024), Measurement Lab. CC0 1.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Median of daily median download/upload throughput over 2024 for the city aggregate; sample count is the number of tests. Speeds reflect user-initiated tests, not advertised plans.
9.Starlink availability map, SpaceX (Starlink). Factual status cited from starlink.com. Retrieved 2026-10-07. Residential service status per country from the file Starlink's map loads. Grouped as on the map: launched or available = available; coming soon, pending regulatory approval or test = coming soon; blacklisted = not offered; unknown or excluded = unknown. Shown on city pages and as a ranker filter; not part of any score. Roaming and maritime plans can work in more places.
10.Nostos long-stay visa guides, Navoy. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-10-04. One record per country in data/manual/visas/<iso2>.json, compiled into data/visa-guides.json. Each guide lists the official government pages it was compiled from with retrieval dates. A guide's `verification` field is set only when a named person has re-read every source; until then pages say the guide is not yet reviewed by a person.
11.Passport Index dataset (visa requirements, 199 passports × 199 destinations), Ilya Ilyankou (compiled from passportindex.org). MIT. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Days per visit where stated; 'visa free' without a limit is credited as unlimited; eTA, visa on arrival, e-visa and visa required are credited 0 days for scoring but shown by kind. The default US/EU/UK figures use the US, German and British passports.
12.Airport destinations (Wikipedia airline and destination tables), Wikipedia contributors; countries via Wikidata. CC BY-SA 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-24. Distinct destination airports listed in each airport article's passenger table, resolved through Wikidata. Seasonal routes count; charters and routes announced but not yet flying are excluded. The as-of date is the newest article revision among the city's airports. Falls back to the OpenFlights snapshot when an airport has no article or table.
13.Walkability and transit ratings (editorial), Navoy. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Judgment ratings, not measurements. Explained on /methodology.
14.NASA POWER climatology (2001–2020 monthly means), NASA Langley Research Center. Public domain (US Government). Retrieved 2026-09-22. T2M, PRECTOTCORR and RH2M at the city coordinates (0.5° grid). Monthly precipitation = mm/day × days in month.
15.SatPM2.5 satellite-derived annual PM2.5 (V6.GL.02.04), Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group, Washington University in St. Louis. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-10-07. Annual 2023 PM2.5 for the 0.1° grid cell at the city centre, from satellite aerosol retrievals combined with a chemical transport model and ground monitors. Used only for cities with no WHO database row. Where the same country has WHO-measured cities, values are scaled by the median measured/satellite ratio there (corrects desert-dust overestimates in the Gulf). Across 811 cities with both, log-correlation with WHO values is 0.89 and the median difference 2 µg/m³.
16.OpenStreetMap restaurants (Overpass API), OpenStreetMap contributors. ODbL 1.0. Retrieved 2026-10-02. Count of OpenStreetMap elements tagged amenity=restaurant within 3 km of the city centre coordinate. Measures how many restaurants are mapped, which tracks real density well where OpenStreetMap is well maintained (Europe, the Americas, East and Southeast Asia) and under-counts where it is not (parts of Africa and Central Asia).
17.Human Development Index (HDR 2025, HDI 2023), United Nations Development Programme. CC BY 3.0 IGO. Retrieved 2026-09-22.
18.EF English Proficiency Index 2024 (band), EF Education First. Proprietary; band cited as a fact with attribution. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Only the proficiency band is stored, transcribed by hand from the public ranking.

🇺🇸For US nomads