How much does it cost to live in Auckland as a digital nomad?

A single person typically spends about $2,479 per month in Auckland, renting a one-bedroom outside the centre (about $1,177). A central one-bedroom costs about $1,673, which brings the total to roughly $2,975. That is a 30/100 cost score, where 100 is the cheapest city in the dataset.

Is Auckland safe for digital nomads?

Auckland scores 84/100 on safety. New Zealand records 1.46 homicides per 100,000 people per year (WHO, 2022) and a political-stability score of 86.3/100 (World Bank WGI). Both figures are national, so neighbourhood-level risk can differ.

Does New Zealand have a digital nomad visa?

No dedicated digital nomad visa was listed for New Zealand as of 2026-07. Visitors from the US need an electronic travel authorisation (eTA), bought online before the trip.

How fast is the internet in Auckland?

Measured median download speed in Auckland was 61.5 Mbps (upload 25.4 Mbps) across 166,845 M-Lab tests in 2024. Measured speeds run below advertised plan speeds everywhere, so compare cities rather than reading the number as a plan.

Is Starlink available in Auckland?

Yes. Starlink's availability map lists residential service as available in New Zealand (checked 2026-10), so a dish can serve as a backup line in Auckland. Check the exact address on starlink.com before ordering, since capacity varies by area.

Which airports serve Auckland and how many nonstop flights are there?

Auckland is served by Auckland Airport (AKL) with 65 nonstop destinations, of which 43 are international. 6 US airports have a nonstop link. Source: Wikipedia, 2026-11.

When is the best time of year to be in Auckland?

The most comfortable months are Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Nov, Dec. Mean temperatures range from 53°F (11°C) in Jul to 69°F (20°C) in Feb (NASA POWER 2001–2020 climatology).

Auckland or Napier: which is better for digital nomads?

Napier is the city with the closest factor profile to Auckland in this dataset. Which one wins depends on your weights; the comparison page puts every factor side by side with the numbers behind them.

Photo: ChewyPineapple · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons

Auckland

New Zealand · Oceania · 1,718,982 people · Pacific/Auckland · NZD

Auckland scores 65.2/100 for digital nomads under balanced weights, ranking 389 of 1501 cities. Expect about $2,479 per month, no dedicated nomad visa, and a measured median download speed of 61.5 Mbps.

Auckland offers harbours, volcanoes and a relaxed pace, with New Zealand's strong safety record. It is car-dependent and far from every other hub in this list.

Sailing
Volcanic hills
Outdoor access
Distance from everywhere

Balanced score

out of 100

Vibe check

Cost3.3
Safety9.3
Health9.9
Internet8.8
Visa4.7
Mobility2.1
Climate5.6
Air11.0
QoL10.6

Rank 389 of 1,501

Rank with your own weights →Plan a trip to Auckland →

Monthly cost$2,479one person
Nomad visaNone listedUS passport: eTA required (online, before travel)
Internet61.5 Mbpsmeasured median
Comfortable months6 of 1259–82°F (15–28 °C), dry, not humid

For US nomads

US passport entry
eTA required
check the consulate before booking
Time vs New York
18 hours ahead of New York
0h of a 9–6 day overlap with Eastern time
Time vs Los Angeles
21 hours ahead of Los Angeles
0h of a 9–6 day overlap with Pacific time
Non-stop from the US
6 US airports
Wikipedia, 2026-11

Prices are in US dollars. US citizens are taxed on worldwide income; the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion and state residency rules are worth a look before a long stay.

Eating out

OpenStreetMap, 2026-11¹⁶

586restaurants within 3 km

Mapped around the centre of Auckland: plenty of choice within walking distance. A count of what is on the map, not a rating, and it does not affect the score.

How Auckland scores, factor by factor

Superscripts link to the source list at the bottom. Country-level figures apply to all of New Zealand.

Cost of living

Monthly cost for one person (log-scaled, cheaper is better).

Monthly cost, one person: $2,479² · city-level, 2026-07
Central one-bedroom rent: $1,673² · city-level, 2026-07

Safety

Homicide rate and political stability (country-level).

Homicide rate: 1.46 per 100k⁴ · country-level, 2022
Political stability: 86.3/100⁵ · country-level, 2025

Healthcare

WHO universal-health-coverage index and life expectancy (country-level).

UHC service coverage: 89/100⁶ · country-level, 2023
Life expectancy: 80.7 years⁷ · country-level, 2023

Internet

Median measured download and upload speed (M-Lab, city-level; the province or country aggregate where the city has too few tests).

Median download: 61.5 Mbps⁸ · city-level, 2024
Median upload: 25.4 Mbps⁸ · city-level, 2024
Tests measured: 166,845⁸ · city-level, 2024
Starlink: Available⁹ · country-level, 2026-10, not scored

Visa ease

How easily your passport gets in and stays: visa-free days, eTA, visa on arrival, e-visa or consular visa, plus a nomad visa and how affordable its income threshold is. Averages US, EU and UK passports until you pick yours.

Nomad visa: none listed¹⁰
Entry, US passport: eTA required (online, before travel)¹¹ · country-level, 2026-02
Entry, EU passport: eTA required (online, before travel)¹¹ · country-level, 2026-02
Entry, UK passport: eTA required (online, before travel)¹¹ · country-level, 2026-02

Getting there & around

Non-stop airport destinations (hub size) plus editorial walkability and transit ratings.

Non-stop destinations from AKL: 65¹² · city-level, 2026-11
Walkability: 2/5¹³ · editorial, 2026-09
Public transit: 2/5¹³ · editorial, 2026-09

Climate

Share of months that are comfortable: 59–82°F (15–28 °C) mean, at most 5.9 in (150 mm) rain, at most 85% humidity.

Comfortable months: 6 of 12¹⁴ · city-level, 2001–2020 normals

Air quality

Annual mean PM2.5 on a fixed scale: 5 µg/m³ (WHO guideline) scores 100, 50 µg/m³ or worse scores 0.

Annual mean PM2.5: 5.5 µg/m³¹⁵ · city-level, 2021

Quality of life

Human Development Index and English proficiency (country-level).

Human Development Index: 0.938¹⁷ · country-level, 2023
English proficiency: native¹⁸ · country-level, 2024

What does Auckland cost per month?

Total, one person	$2,479	city, outskirts one-bedroom
Total with a central one-bedroom	$2,975	derived
One-bedroom rent, centre	$1,673	city
One-bedroom rent, outskirts	$1,177	city
Country cost index (US = 100)	80	country

Can you stay legally?

Nomad visa	none listed
Minimum income	—
US passport	eTA required (online, before travel)
EU passport	eTA required (online, before travel)
UK passport	eTA required (online, before travel)

Visa rules change often. Verify with the issuing government before you book.

Do you pay tax here on income from abroad?

Tax status · New Zealand

Residents pay 10.5%–39% on worldwide income; newcomers' foreign investment income is exempt for 4 years

Worldwide income

New Zealand taxes residents on worldwide income at 10.5%–39%. Remote pay or freelance fees are taxed once you are resident (more than 183 days in 12 months, or a permanent home). First-time residents get about 4 years' exemption on most foreign investment income, but not on pay for work. Since 1 April 2026, visitors working only for foreign employers or clients can stay 275 days in 18 months tax-free. No capital gains, wealth or inheritance tax.

Remote work income
Salary from a foreign employer or fees from foreign clients
Taxed
10.5%–39% progressive (2025–26 and 2026–27 bands)
Investments and pensions
Dividends, interest, gains, rent and pensions from abroad
Taxed
10.5%–39% progressive on dividends, interest, rent and pensions; foreign shares over NZ$50,000 cost taxed on 5% of their value a year
Wealth
Net wealth and inheritance
No wealth tax
No inheritance tax

Tax resident after: 183 days a year
Top income tax rate: 39%

On the nomad visa

New Zealand has no digital nomad visa. Since 27 January 2025, holders of an ordinary visitor visa or NZeTA may work remotely for an overseas employer or overseas clients, but must not work for a New Zealand employer, sell goods or services to people or businesses in New Zealand, or do work that requires them to be in New Zealand. Visitor stays are typically up to nine months in an 18-month period. The tax law mirrors this: visitors arriving from 1 April 2026 who meet the same conditions and remain tax resident elsewhere are non-resident visitors for up to 275 days in any 18-month period and pay no New Zealand tax on that remote work. From day 276 they become resident going forward.

Salary from a foreign employer or fees from foreign clients

Taxed10.5%–39% progressive (2025–26 and 2026–27 bands)

A resident pays income tax on worldwide income, so a salary from a foreign employer or fees from foreign clients are taxed at the normal rates (10.5% to NZ$15,600, 17.5% to NZ$53,500, 30% to NZ$78,100, 33% to NZ$180,000, 39% above). The transitional-resident exemption for new arrivals does not help here: it expressly excludes foreign employment income and income from services. If your overseas employer is not registered with Inland Revenue, you register as an "IR56" employee and pay PAYE on your own salary. Freelancers usually file an annual IR3 return and pay provisional tax in instalments from their second year. Before you are resident, pay for work physically done in New Zealand is still New Zealand-source income. It is exempt if you qualify as a non-resident visitor (arrivals from 1 April 2026, up to 275 days in 18 months), or under the older rules if you stay 92 days or less in 12 months and the income is taxed in your home country, or up to 183 days under many tax treaties. Residents claim a credit for foreign tax on the same income, capped at the New Zealand tax. There are no social security contributions as such (a social security tax ended in 1969), but employees and self-employed people pay the ACC accident-cover earners' levy of 1.75% on earnings up to NZ$156,641 (2026–27).

On the nomad visa

Non-resident visitor (remote work by visitors, from 1 April 2026)no fixed end
You are not resident under the 183-day rule, and pay for personal or professional services for a foreign employer or clients is exempt (Income Tax Act sections YD 1B and CW 22B). You do not register as an IR56 employee, and your employer gets no permanent establishment, fringe benefit tax or ESCT obligations. New Zealand-source investment income, such as New Zealand bank interest, is still taxed. If you exceed 275 days you are resident from day 276, not backdated.
Who qualifies: People who arrive on or after 1 April 2026 without having been New Zealand tax residents, stay 275 days or fewer in any 18-month period, remain lawfully present, stay tax resident in another country (or are taxed by citizenship, like US citizens), work only for non-residents with no New Zealand customers and no work that requires being in New Zealand, and receive no Working for Families payments. Public entertainers are excluded.
Transitional resident temporary tax exemption4 years
Most foreign-source income is exempt, including foreign interest, dividends, foreign investment fund income and rent; the FIF rules do not apply during the period. Foreign employment income and income from services are not exempt, nor is New Zealand-source income. It lasts until the last day of the 48th month after the month you became resident. A separate 4-year exemption covers lump-sum withdrawals from foreign pension schemes joined while non-resident.
Who qualifies: New migrants and returning New Zealanders who became tax resident on or after 1 April 2006 and were not tax resident at any time in the previous 10 years. Automatic; available once in a lifetime. It ends early if you or your partner apply for Working for Families, if you report the foreign income in your return, or if you opt out.
FIF revenue account method (RAM) for migrantsno fixed end
Instead of tax on a deemed 5% of value each year, you pay tax only on actual dividends and on 70% of gains when you sell (gains discounted by 30%), at your marginal rate. Losses can only offset RAM income. If you leave New Zealand, sales within 3 years remain taxable. In force from 1 April 2025 (enacted 30 March 2026). A bill introduced on 10 September 2026 would open RAM to all residents for unlisted shares; not yet law on 27 October 2026.
Who qualifies: Individuals who were non-resident for five years before becoming New Zealand tax resident, for shares in foreign companies acquired before arrival that are unlisted, have no effective redemption facility and do not get 80% or more of their value from ineligible shares. An extended version for people also taxed abroad by citizenship (mainly US citizens) can cover listed shares too.

Tax residency status for individuals · Inland Revenue (ird.govt.nz) · read 2026-10-27
183-day rule with backdating, part days, permanent place of abode, 325-day rule, and the non-resident visitor exception of 275 days in 18 months
Act commentary: Taxation (Annual Rates for 2025–26, Compliance Simplification, and Remedial Measures) Act 2026 · Inland Revenue, Tax Technical · read 2026-10-27
Royal assent 30 March 2026; non-resident visitor definition (YD 1B), 183-day exemption and day-276 rule (YD 1(13)–(14)), services income exemption (CW 22B, CW 22C), no FBT/ESCT/PE for employers, permanent place of abode examples, visitor visa nine months in 18; FIF revenue account method from 1 April 2025 with eligibility, 30% discount and 3-year exit rule. legislation.govt.nz served a bot check and could not be loaded, so section text was taken from this commentary
IR295 Taxes and duties: An introduction to New Zealand's tax system (April 2026) · Inland Revenue · read 2026-10-27
Worldwide taxation of residents, no capital gains tax and no tax on cash or personal assets brought in, non-resident visitor conditions, transitional resident eligibility and 48-month period, provisional tax, ACC levies
IR294 Tax information for visitors to New Zealand (April 2026) · Inland Revenue · read 2026-10-27
Non-resident visitors resident only after 275 days in 18 months; 92-day exemption for non-treaty visitors and 183-day treaty exemption for employees
Tax rates for individuals · Inland Revenue (ird.govt.nz) · read 2026-10-27
Bands from 1 April 2025: 10.5% to NZ$15,600, 17.5% to NZ$53,500, 30% to NZ$78,100, 33% to NZ$180,000 and 39% above; 2024–25 composite rates after the 31 July 2024 change
Budget 2026 information sheets · Inland Revenue, Tax Policy · read 2026-10-27
The ten Budget 2026 tax measures; none changes the personal income tax rates or thresholds
Temporary tax exemption (transitional residents) · Inland Revenue (ird.govt.nz) · read 2026-10-27
Exempt foreign interest, dividends, FIF income and rent; foreign employment and services income not exempt; 10-year non-residence condition; once only; ways it ends early; separate lump-sum exemption
IR1247 Foreign Income Guide (July 2026) · Inland Revenue · read 2026-10-27
Transitional residency end date; foreign income taxed even if not brought into New Zealand; FIF rules, NZ$50,000 threshold, fair dividend rate of 5% and comparative value method, ASX exemption; foreign rent, foreign property gains, foreign social security pensions, 4-year exemption for foreign superannuation lump sums; foreign tax credit limits
Foreign investment fund changes: Budget 2026 information sheet · Inland Revenue, Tax Policy · read 2026-10-27
Proposals to raise the FIF threshold to NZ$100,000 and open RAM to all residents from 1 April 2026; describes the extended RAM for people taxed by citizenship
Taxation (Annual Rates for 2026–27, FBT Simplification, Foreign Investment Funds, and Remedial Measures) Bill · Inland Revenue, Tax Policy · read 2026-10-27
Bill carrying the FIF changes was introduced on 10 September 2026 and was at select committee as at 12 October 2026
New Zealand-based employee of an overseas employer · Inland Revenue (ird.govt.nz) · read 2026-10-27
IR56 registration and self-paid PAYE when the overseas employer is not registered; non-resident visitors need not register
ACC earners' levy rates · Inland Revenue (ird.govt.nz) · read 2026-10-27
Earners' levy of NZ$1.75 per NZ$100 on earnings up to NZ$156,641 for 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027
The bright-line test · Inland Revenue (ird.govt.nz) · read 2026-10-27
2-year bright-line period for sales from 1 July 2024, including overseas residential property; main home exclusion; other cases where property profits are taxed
Our tax system: Bases and regimes (Long-term insights briefing consultation, August 2024) · Inland Revenue, Tax Policy · read 2026-10-27
No inheritance or estate taxes; estate duty abolished in the 1990s and gift duty in 2011; social security tax from 1930 to 1969; local government rates as the recurrent property tax
Gift duty abolition · Inland Revenue, Tax Technical · read 2026-10-27
No gift duty on gifts made on or after 1 October 2011
Working remotely from New Zealand · Immigration New Zealand · read 2026-10-27
From 27 January 2025 visitor visa and NZeTA holders may work remotely for overseas employers or clients, with the three restrictions; no separate digital nomad visa

Not yet reviewed by a person · compiled from official pages read on 2026-10-27

General information, not tax advice. Tax treaties, your citizenship and your home country's exit rules can change the answer. US citizens are taxed by the US wherever they live.

Airports and nonstop flights

Auckland is served by one airport.

Airport	Nonstop destinations	International	From US airports
AKLAuckland Airport	65	43	6

Wikipedia airport pages as of 2026-11: seasonal routes included, charters and announced-but-not-started routes excluded.

What is the weather like through the year?

Comfortable months by our rule: Nov–Apr. Rank cities for Dec–Feb →

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Mean °F	68	69	66	63	58	55	53	53	55	58	61	65
Rain in	2.3	2.5	2.8	3.3	4.6	4.2	4.5	3.9	3.4	3.1	2	3.2
Humidity %	74	74	75	78	82	84	84	83	82	79	76	76

Green temperatures mark months that meet the comfort rule (59–82°F, ≤5.9 in rain, ≤85% humidity). NASA POWER 2001–2020 climatology at the city coordinates.

Where can you stay in Auckland?

Three ways to live here, and what each does to the monthly budget. Rents are the one-bedroom figures from the cost table; hotels and short lets are priced per night and cost more, most of all in high season.

Option	Rent per month	Monthly total	Notes
One-bedroom outside the centre	$1,177	$2,479	The basis of the monthly cost and the cost score.
One-bedroom in the centre	$1,673	$2,975	The monthly total with the central rent swapped in.
Hotel or short let	—	—	For the first weeks or a stay under a month. Compare hotels on Navoy →

Monthly rents assume an unfurnished lease of six months or more; furnished monthly lets usually cost 20 to 50 percent more.

Cities with a similar profile

Napier New Zealand · 63.8
Compare with Auckland →
Hamilton (New Zealand) New Zealand · 63.6
Compare with Auckland →
Tauranga New Zealand · 63.8
Compare with Auckland →
Geelong Australia · 64.9
Compare with Auckland →
Christchurch New Zealand · 64.2
Compare with Auckland →

Also in Oceania: Adelaide, Alice Springs, Apia, Ballarat, Bendigo, Brisbane

Where Auckland ranks

#6 · Top 10 cities for digital nomads in Oceania

Ready to see Auckland for yourself?

Nostos tells you where. Navoy, the AI travel planner behind it, builds the trip: itineraries, places to stay and what to book before you land.

Plan a trip to Auckland →

Opens on navoy.io.

The vibe

What people post about living in Auckland, read for its mood. It is a reading of opinions, not a fact, and it is not part of the score.

Liked · 68Mostly positive with caveats: people like the nature, relaxed people and outdoor lifestyle, but warn about high costs, weak airport transit and rain, and remote-work detail is thin.

People praise

nature and coastlines
chilled, friendly people
outdoor lifestyle
beaches
layered city vibe
family-friendly living

People warn about

cost of living
airport transport gap
rain and wind
rushed short visits
cold rentals

Auckland is underrated compared with smaller parts of New Zealand.
Cost of living feels steep for what you get.
One night or a short stay can't show the real country.
Residents with families describe a healthy, relaxed place to raise kids.
Weather is changeable, so pack for rain and storms.

Read from 6 videos, 33 comments and 0 posts on 2026-11-07; the summary is written by a language model and can misread sarcasm.

Watch what people say

Frequently asked

How much does it cost to live in Auckland as a digital nomad?: A single person typically spends about $2,479 per month in Auckland, renting a one-bedroom outside the centre (about $1,177). A central one-bedroom costs about $1,673, which brings the total to roughly $2,975. That is a 30/100 cost score, where 100 is the cheapest city in the dataset.
Is Auckland safe for digital nomads?: Auckland scores 84/100 on safety. New Zealand records 1.46 homicides per 100,000 people per year (WHO, 2022) and a political-stability score of 86.3/100 (World Bank WGI). Both figures are national, so neighbourhood-level risk can differ.
Does New Zealand have a digital nomad visa?: No dedicated digital nomad visa was listed for New Zealand as of 2026-07. Visitors from the US need an electronic travel authorisation (eTA), bought online before the trip.
How fast is the internet in Auckland?: Measured median download speed in Auckland was 61.5 Mbps (upload 25.4 Mbps) across 166,845 M-Lab tests in 2024. Measured speeds run below advertised plan speeds everywhere, so compare cities rather than reading the number as a plan.
Is Starlink available in Auckland?: Yes. Starlink's availability map lists residential service as available in New Zealand (checked 2026-10), so a dish can serve as a backup line in Auckland. Check the exact address on starlink.com before ordering, since capacity varies by area.
Which airports serve Auckland and how many nonstop flights are there?: Auckland is served by Auckland Airport (AKL) with 65 nonstop destinations, of which 43 are international. 6 US airports have a nonstop link. Source: Wikipedia, 2026-11.
When is the best time of year to be in Auckland?: The most comfortable months are Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, Nov, Dec. Mean temperatures range from 53°F (11°C) in Jul to 69°F (20°C) in Feb (NASA POWER 2001–2020 climatology).
Auckland or Napier: which is better for digital nomads?: Napier is the city with the closest factor profile to Auckland in this dataset. Which one wins depends on your weights; the comparison page puts every factor side by side with the numbers behind them.

Sources

Dataset 2026.11.3, published 2026-11-10. Download the full dataset or read the methodology.

1.City population (latest census or official estimate), Wikipedia (citing national statistics offices). CC BY-SA 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. City-proper figures; the per-city source URL is stored with the seed row.
2.Cost of Living Global 2026 (city rows), WhereToEmigrate. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. monthly_cost_single_eur and rent_1br_center_eur, converted to USD at the ECB reference rate on the retrieval date (see ecb-frankfurter).
3.2026 Cost of Living Index (country level), WhereNext. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Country-level monthly estimate used only where no city-level figure exists; cost_index kept for every city.
4.Victims of intentional homicide per 100,000 population (national data, latest year), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, dataUNODC. UNODC data, free to reuse with attribution. Retrieved 2026-10-12. Police- or statistics-office-recorded rates reported to UNODC's crime-trends survey, latest year per country (2024 for most), both sexes, all ages; the United Kingdom uses England and Wales. Replaces the WHO modelled estimate wherever UNODC has a figure from 2018 or later; WHO's 2021 estimates ran several times above recorded figures for El Salvador and Honduras. Workbook data_cts_intentional_homicide.xlsx (July 2026) reduced by scripts/build-dataset/inputs/convert-unodc-homicide.py.
5.Worldwide Governance Indicators — Political Stability and Absence of Violence (score 0–100), World Bank. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22.
6.UHC service coverage index, World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (WHO data policy). Retrieved 2026-09-22.
7.Life expectancy at birth (years), both sexes, World Health Organization, Global Health Observatory. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (WHO data policy). Retrieved 2026-09-22.
8.M-Lab NDT statistics (city aggregates, 2024), Measurement Lab. CC0 1.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Median of daily median download/upload throughput over 2024 for the city aggregate; sample count is the number of tests. Speeds reflect user-initiated tests, not advertised plans.
9.Starlink availability map, SpaceX (Starlink). Factual status cited from starlink.com. Retrieved 2026-10-07. Residential service status per country from the file Starlink's map loads. Grouped as on the map: launched or available = available; coming soon, pending regulatory approval or test = coming soon; blacklisted = not offered; unknown or excluded = unknown. Shown on city pages and as a ranker filter; not part of any score. Roaming and maritime plans can work in more places.
10.Digital Nomad Visas 2026, WhereToEmigrate. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Programme name, minimum monthly income (EUR, converted to USD) and whether it leads to permanent residence. Values are directional; verify with the issuing government.
11.Passport Index dataset (visa requirements, 199 passports × 199 destinations), Ilya Ilyankou (compiled from passportindex.org). MIT. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Days per visit where stated; 'visa free' without a limit is credited as unlimited; eTA, visa on arrival, e-visa and visa required are credited 0 days for scoring but shown by kind. The default US/EU/UK figures use the US, German and British passports.
12.Airport destinations (Wikipedia airline and destination tables), Wikipedia contributors; countries via Wikidata. CC BY-SA 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-24. Distinct destination airports listed in each airport article's passenger table, resolved through Wikidata. Seasonal routes count; charters and routes announced but not yet flying are excluded. The as-of date is the newest article revision among the city's airports. Falls back to the OpenFlights snapshot when an airport has no article or table.
13.Walkability and transit ratings (editorial), Navoy. CC BY 4.0. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Judgment ratings, not measurements. Explained on /methodology.
14.NASA POWER climatology (2001–2020 monthly means), NASA Langley Research Center. Public domain (US Government). Retrieved 2026-09-22. T2M, PRECTOTCORR and RH2M at the city coordinates (0.5° grid). Monthly precipitation = mm/day × days in month.
15.WHO Ambient Air Quality Database, June 2026 update (V8), World Health Organization. CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO (WHO data policy). Retrieved 2026-09-22. Annual mean PM2.5 for the most recent year available for the city.
16.OpenStreetMap restaurants (Overpass API), OpenStreetMap contributors. ODbL 1.0. Retrieved 2026-10-02. Count of OpenStreetMap elements tagged amenity=restaurant within 3 km of the city centre coordinate. Measures how many restaurants are mapped, which tracks real density well where OpenStreetMap is well maintained (Europe, the Americas, East and Southeast Asia) and under-counts where it is not (parts of Africa and Central Asia).
17.Human Development Index (HDR 2025, HDI 2023), United Nations Development Programme. CC BY 3.0 IGO. Retrieved 2026-09-22.
18.EF English Proficiency Index 2024 (band), EF Education First. Proprietary; band cited as a fact with attribution. Retrieved 2026-09-22. Only the proficiency band is stored, transcribed by hand from the public ranking.

🇺🇸For US nomads